These Timelines are a detailed look at the time and the influence of Cycles. Significant events of the decade are analyzed through Twelve categories that serve as a kaleidoscopic lens through time, (see the clickable links above), as well as the position of Cycles at the time, (see the clickable folder links in the upper left corner). You can read and link up and down vertically through this Timeline, or, you can go any Category and link horizontally to the same Category in other Timelines (links are provided at the head of each Category). This cross linking is designed to provide a fast and easy way to make reading fun and interesting.
See the go to Overview here link near the top for a brief look at Cycles for this decade.
See the Matrix links above left for navigating through all Overviews and Timelines by Time, Subject, or Cycle as described in Introduction to Part II).
THE CHANGING SEVENTIES: LAST OF THE SIXTIES
The decade of the 1970s is
divided into three time matrixes because of the Double Crossover in 1973/74.
This allows for a single time matrix to focus on the Crossover year alone. This
Crossover ended one era and began another. The first time matrix of the 1970s
covers 1970 - 1973, the next time matrix covers 1973/74 itself, and the last one
cover 1974 - 1980. High momentum from the 1960s was in motion as the 1970s
began. The economy was strong, social movements were active, and ideologies
burgeoned. In the first three years of this decade we see America as the great
empire before a downward trend.
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America looked ahead with
optimism. A power shift came to young baby boomers and 18-year-olds who
attained the right to vote in 1970. President Nixon won a near record landslide
over McGovern. We maintained our position as the most prosperous and
influential nation on earth. The high momentum of the 1960s was in full swing
as the 1970s began. The economy was very strong, social movements were active,
ideologies burgeoned. This was the trend until the Double Downward Crossover of
1973 brought the end of an era. In the first three years of this decade, we see
the last days of America as the great empire before a crisis and a necessary
turn to to conservatism and reform.
| 1. Political 1970-73 |
Physical Cycle |
top |
| |
Physical Upward Crossover |
(March 21, 1971- March 21, 1971) |
Ethnicity Rose with the Physical Cycle
as it was crossing into the High Half, and territoriality increased.
Tricolor emblems of various nationalities were on cars all over, including
the popular black, red and green tricolors of Africa.
| |
Physical High |
(1971 - 1985) |
Ethnicity Rose with the Physical Cycle
as it was crossing into the High Half, and territoriality increased.
Tricolor emblems of various nationalities were on cars all over, including
the popular black, red and green tricolors of Africa.
| 1. Political 1970-73 |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
| |
Emotional High |
(1955 - 1973) |
The Civil Rights Movement
Continued to Emerge in the Emotional High.
Newark, New Jersey elected Kenneth A. Gibson as its first African American
mayor in 1970, Mississippi saw its first interracial marriage, and the
Commission on Civil Rights stated that we should have more presidential
policy regarding school integration. The US Supreme Court upheld busing to
achieve integration in 1971.
Advances in Feminism
Continued Throughout the Emotional (yin) High. More women were
attaining roles traditionally held by men. President Nixon named the First
Two Woman Generals in 1970. In 1972 some 40% of the Delegates at the
Democratic National Convention Were Women, (an increase of 13% from the
previous election). The US Supreme Court ruled in 1971 that Hiring
Practices Must be the Same for Women, as they are for men.
The
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) as a Constitutional Amendment was sent to
the state for ratification in 1972. A landmark decision came in January
1973 as the US Supreme Court ruled in Roe v. Wade that state laws
prohibiting voluntary abortions during the first three months of pregnancy
were unconstitutional. In Roe v. Bolton that month, the court ruled
out restrictions on where abortions could be done. Abortion clinics
followed and times were more liberal.
| 1. Political 1970-73 |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
| 1. Political 1970-73 |
Polyrhythms |
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Physo-Emotional
High |
(1971 -1973) |
America Extended its Reach
to China With Hope
for new alliances. President Nixon made his landmark visits to Red China
and the Soviet Union in 1972. Doors were opened that allowed communications
across the polarities of land and ideology. A high point of diplomacy in a
high point in all three Cycles.
The Stand Off at Wounded
Knee, South Dakota, came in February 1973. Almost
300 members of the American Indian Movement (AIM) seized a trading post and
church at Wounded Knee to make their grievances known. This is the site
where federal soldiers had massacred Indians in 1890. The seize lasted for
seventy days in a tense stand-off. Indian self reliance was the key
issue during a hard stand on moral and spiritual grounds, during in the
Physo-Emotional High. A Federal judge dismissed the charges against leaders
of the takeover in 1974.
| |
Physical Low with
Emotional High |
(1957 - 1971) |
Protests Against the Viet
Nam War Continued.
Many opposed fighting in the Physical Low, citing moral ideology as the
reason in the Emo-Intellectual High. The antiwar slogan was, “Make Love,
Not War.” In a tragic protest against the war that took place at Kent State
University, Ohio in 1970, National Guardsmen shot and killed four students
and wounded nine others. This use of force became a national controversy.
Campuses across the nation saw protests. A nationwide strike took place on
May f to protest the war and the Killings at Kent State. It received wide
support from the majority of American campuses. More than 223 campuses
became involved by the following night and more than 448 closed or went on
strike over the war in 1970. Some 100,000 Americans marched to the Lincoln
Memorial in 1970 to protest. About 200.000 Americans marched on Washington
in a massive protest in April 1971. A group of 50,000 antiwar demonstrators
swarmed Washington in massive protests in April 1971in an attempt to shut it
down during a May Day protest. They stopped traffic and started in the
mayhem. Hoards of District Police officers, National Guardsmen, and Federal
troops responded, 10,000 were arrested, but most arrests were thrown out of
court. It was a Physical Low, Emo-Intellectual High, and force was not
always used over ideology.
Nixon Announced Troop
Withdrawals from Viet Nam in 1971. The last of
the ground troops departed by August 1972 and casualties were diminishing
greatly. North Vietnam, the Viet Cong, South Viet Nam and the US signed a
pact in January 1973, and America's involvement with Southeast Asia ended.
We then ended the draft to an all volunteer military in 1973.
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Prosperity was riding on strong
momentum from the previous decade. An upward Crossover in the Physical Cycle
came in 1971, but the economy was strong until the Double Crossover in 1973/74.
BORING NUMBERS: The
federal work force numbered was 441,410 in 1970 and the economy was strong, and
Congress established the US Office of Management and Budget. The Federal Budget
was $197.2 billion, and the National Debt was $382 billion. The Gross National
Product was at $977.1 billion and the Consumer Price Index was at 116.3, (1967 =
100). We reached a high of 852 in the Dow Jones Industrial Average, and a low
of 669. The Prime Rate was at 7.7% and Social Welfare was at $145.9 billion.
An Average Salary was $7,564 and about 4.1 million were unemployed. The cost
of living had risen 30% from 1960, but, with some decline in the industry and
stocks. Penn Central asked for bankruptcy. Congress created the National
Railroad Passenger Corporation, (AMTRAK), as a federal corporation over
passenger trains. Stocks had a record day in 1970 by rising 32.04 points.
| 2. Business & Economy 1970-73 |
Physical Cycle |
top |
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Physical Upward Crossover |
(March 21, 1971- March 21, 1971) |
The Economy Slipped in the 1971 Crossover. By the summer unemployment reached up to a 10-year high of 6%, The dollar lost against the Japanese Yen and most European currencies and was devalued by 8.57% by the end of the year to make US exports more affordable overseas. The trade imbalance came to $5 billion. Wage and price controls were implemented. President Nixon announced Phase I of the plan in August 1971 that included a 90-day freeze on prices, wages and rents. Phase II established a Pay Board in November that which allowed limited increases. Phase III of the program came in January 1972, and wage and price controls were lifted. Some items remained under regulation until the summer of 1972. The proposed budget deficit in January 1972, was $25.5 billion, the largest in peace time history, but the 1971/72 Crossover was soon over.
A Wildcat Strike Came to a GM Plant in Lordstown, Ohio. This strike in the Physical Crossover was not over pay, benefits or any of the usual concerns. It was over work - the hard, drudgery and monotony of automaton-workers. Chevrolet workers were delivering 101.6 Vegas per hour with thirty-six seconds allotted to each worker to perform a repetitive task. This rigorous Physical performance was to miss a beat.
| 2. Business & Economy 1970-73 |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
| 2. Business & Economy 1970-73 |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
| 2. Business & Economy 1970-73 |
Polyrhythms |
top |
The Economy Slipped in the
1971 Crossover.
By the summer unemployment reached up to a 10-year high of 6%, The dollar
lost against the Japanese Yen and most European currencies and was devalued
by 8.57% by the end of the year to make US exports more affordable
overseas. The trade imbalance came to $5 billion. Wage and price controls
were implemented. President Nixon announced Phase I of the plan in August
1971 that included a 90-day freeze on prices, wages and rents. Phase II
established a Pay Board in November that which allowed limited increases.
Phase III of the program came in January 1972, and wage and price controls
were lifted. Some items remained under regulation until the summer of 1972.
The proposed budget deficit in January 1972, was $25.5 billion, the largest
in peace time history, but the 1971/72 Crossover was soon over.
A Wildcat Strike Came to
a GM Plant in Lordstown, Ohio. This strike in the Physical Crossover
was not over pay, benefits or any of the usual concerns. It was over work -
the hard, drudgery and monotony of automaton-workers. Chevrolet workers
were delivering 101.6 Vegas per hour with thirty-six seconds allotted to
each worker to perform a repetitive task. This rigorous Physical
performance was to miss a beat.
| |
Physical Low with
Intellectual High |
(1957 - 1971) |
Restraints Came to Industry Over Environmental Concerns.
We were less likely to out-build our own sense. Congress established the
Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA) in 1970 to oversee the fifteen
federal agencies addressing pollution. The National Air Quality Control Act
of 1970 demanded a 90% reduction in automobile emitted pollutants. Some
twenty million Americans took part in Earth Day activities on April 22 to
support environmental concern. President Nixon and Canadian Prime Minister
Trudeau came to agreements to amend pollution of the Great Lakes in April
1972. The EPA banned the chemical pesticide, DDT in June. We viewed
cigarette smoking in a new light and radio and television advertisements of
tobacco were banned. Remaining cigarette advertising contained health
warnings the following year as the six largest manufacturers were compelled
to include them. America was not as quick to act without thinking in the
Physical Low - Intellectual High.
| |
Trirhythmic High |
(1971 - 1973) |
The Dow-Jones Average Rose Above the
1,000 Mark for the First Time on November 14, 1972. Between the Upward
Physical Crossover in 1971, and the Downward Emo-Intellectual Crossover in
1973, all three Cycles were high for a brief period. Americans were
optimistic about a bounce-back economy and looked forward to a brighter
future. It showed in the market.
Two Major Shrikes occurred in 1970
and it was not a Crossover year. More than 340,000 UAW workers launched the
largest industrial strike in twenty years when they walked out of General
Motors plants in the US and Canada from September 15 to November 11. Some
1/2 million railroad workers across four unions began a railroad strike on
December 10th. Two hours into the strike, Congress signed a bill that
increased workers wages by 13.5%, thereby holding off the strike. These
were major strikes, however, and Internal Aberrations.
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| 3. Science & Technology 1970-73 |
Physical Cycle |
top |
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Physical 1st Qtr. Foundation |
(1971 - 1978) |
America
Tried Acupuncture for the First Time in 1972.
We adopted this ancient Chinese practice for use as an anesthetic, and the
fact that we were ready for medical precedents in the Physical 1st Qtr. may
have contributed to this timing.
| 3. Science & Technology 1970-73 |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
| 3. Science & Technology 1970-73 |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
| |
Intellectual 2nd Qtr. Expansion |
(1962 - 1973) |
Satellite Advancements and
Improvements Were Significant.
Mariner 9 orbited Mars in 1971. The first "Landsat" satellite photographed
Earth in 1972, and Pioneer 10 was the unmanned interplanetary spacecraft
launched in 1972 that passed planets in our solar system and sent back
pictures via laser technology. It traveled on to become the first
human-made object to leave the solar system, in the 2nd Qtr.
Space Travel Reached its
Zenith in the Intellectual 2nd Qtr. Apollo 14 returned in 1971 after
spending nine days in space, and thirty-three hours on the lunar surface.
Apollo 15 went to the moon in 1971, followed by Apollo 16 and Apollo 17 in
1972. As Apollo 17 splashed down on December 12, 1972, the manned lunar
program came to an end, and it was the final year of an Emo-Intellectual
High.
The Space Shuttle Made
Reentry & Re-launching Possible for space craft for the first time and
avoided the need for splash downs. President Nixon approved the shuttle in
January 1972 and it was an Intellectual 2nd Qtr. Expansion that would save
the space program huge sums of money. This improvement would bring huge
sums for the space program.
Other Improvements Came
in 1970. Bell Telephone introduced the Picturephone. New records
were produced as Quadraphonic Sound Systems appeared. Computers in
the US increased from 300 in 1955, to around 100,000 by in 1970, with
significant advancements. Completion came to The 150-inch Reflecting
Telescope at Kitt Peak Observatory, in Tucson, Arizona, (and at the
Inter-American Observatory in Cerro Tololo, Chile). Laser Guidance
Systems were developed with accurate bombing. The Boeing 747
came into airline service. Many other enhancements came out of this time.
| 3. Science & Technology 1970-73 |
Polyrhythms |
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| 4. Mechanical 1970-73 |
Physical Cycle |
top |
| 4. Mechanical 1970-73 |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
| 4. Mechanical 1970-73 |
Intellectual Cycle |
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| 4. Mechanical 1970-73 |
Polyrhythms |
top |
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Physical Low with
Emotional High |
(1957 - 1971) |
“They
Just Don't Make Things Like They Use To”
was the moan of consumers nationwide as product quality declined in some
industries despite a strong economy. New houses were not as strong and they
did not last as long as the older ones, but they were pretty. Some men
claimed that sellers viewed women as having more say in purchases and
thereby targeted them by emphasizing appearances over strength. Mechanical
devices of all sorts changed. Cars were given more power steering, power
brakes, and power windows, but lost trade-in value because of lessened
durability. We had more of an eye for beauty, than for quality in the
Physical High - Emotional Low.
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| 5. Education 1970-73 |
Physical Cycle |
top |
| 5. Education 1970-73 |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
| 5. Education 1970-73 |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
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Intellectual High |
(1951 - 1973) |
Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) Scores Were High
and colleges were filled with ready students. Seminars on subjects of all
kinds sprung up across the nation as more people went out for special
interests. Institutions both great and small were busy filling the greater
demand learn everywhere during the Intellectual High.
| 5. Education 1970-73 |
Polyrhythms |
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| 6. Religion & Spirituality 1970-73 |
Physical Cycle |
top |
| 6. Religion & Spirituality 1970-73 |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
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Emotional High |
(1955 - 1973) |
The “Jesus Movement”
captivated many new young Christians and received media attention in 1971.
"Jesus freaks" were a new force among the young. The Pentecostal and
Charismatic religions also rose. Throughout the Emotional High, religion
increased.
Women Made Gains in
Organized Religion. Four Episcopal bishops went against church policy
in 1972 to ordain 11 women as priests. The Isaac M. Wise Temple in
Cincinnati, Ohio ordained the first woman rabbi in 1972. Conservative Jews
allowed women in the minyan in 1973. Both women and religion rose with the
Emotional High. The Influx of Eastern Religion brought heightened
awareness to such things as Hinduism, Yoga, I Ching, Zen and Tibetan
Buddhism in the early 1970s. This Rise followed the Emotional Cycle.
| 6. Religion & Spirituality 1970-73 |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
| 6. Religion & Spirituality 1970-73 |
Polyrhythms |
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| 7. Arts & Design 1970-73 |
Physical Cycle |
top |
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Physical 4th Qtr. Alternatives |
(1964 - 1971) |
The
Avant garde
made a strong showing in the 1960s and early 1970s. The art world saw,
"confrontation shows," "new realism," and "minimalism," in experimental
art. New York's Guggenheim Museum featured “Kinetic Sculpture.” Iconoclasm
prevailed at the US Pavilion at the 1970 World's Fair in Japan which
abandoned conventionalism to feature Andy Warhol's "Rain Curtain." Jacques
Lipschiz was commissioned for large scale and unusual works at the
Municipal Plaza in Philadelphia, and at Columbia University. The bizarre
can be a normal part of the Fourth Quarter.
| 7. Arts & Design 1970-73 |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
| 7. Arts & Design 1970-73 |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
| 7. Arts & Design 1970-73 |
Polyrhythms |
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| 8. Literature & Pub. 1970-73 |
Physical Cycle |
top |
| 8. Literature & Pub. 1970-73 |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
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Emotional High |
(1964 - 1973) |
The Sexual Revolution Came
to in Literature.
Physician Dave Reuben, published "Everything You Always Wanted to Know About
Sex But Were Afraid to Ask" in 1970. "The Sensuous Woman" was published by
"J" in 1970. Both were very successful. Publishing standards became more
liberal with the Emotional High and the April 1970 issue of "Penthouse"
magazine became the first national publication to show pubic hair in its
photographs, to much attention. Actor Burt Reynolds posed nude for a
"Cosmopolitan" magazine centerfold. Romance stories were more popular as
demonstrated by the success of "Love Story," by Erich Segal in 1972. Times
were Emotional.
The Feminist Movement
Also Came to Literature as the first issue of “Ms” magazine was
published in 1972 by founders that Gloria Steinman. All 300,000 copies of
the first issue were gone in nine days after a surprising sell out on the
newsstands.
| 8. Literature & Pub, 1970-73 |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
| 8. Literature & Pub. 1970-73 |
Polyrhythms |
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Emo-Intellectual High |
(1955 - 1973) |
The Last of an Emo-Intellectual High Came by 1973. A more conservative time followed the double Crossover in March. Two 1973 best sellers that reflected the last of the high times were “The Joy of Sex," by Alex Comfort, and “I'm O.K., You're O.K., “ by Thomas Harris. The first reflected the more liberal times we were coming out of, (Emotional High), and the latter reflected the fad in popular psychology that lasted until 1973, (Intellectual High). As the year progressed, however, America would take a different course, and begin looking back.
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| 9. Entertainment 1970-73 |
Physical Cycle |
top |
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Physical 1st Qtr. Foundation |
(1971 - 1978) |
The First X-rated Feature
Length Animated Film
appeared in Ralph Bakshi's release of "Fritz the Cat." Sex in all media was
beginning to take on a more Physical, rather than Romantic appeal. This
led to precedents that were based more on explicit sex than anything else.
New Action and Adventure
Films came onto the scene in the Physical 1st Qtr. Irwin Allen produced
the first in a series of disaster films, "The Poseidon Adventure," a
disaster at sea film released in 1972. Film adventures would include
earthquakes, fires, floods and more. It was Thrills, spills and excitement
and chase scenes were big. The "French Connection" released in 1971 and
many others characterized the Physical High.
| 9. Entertainment 1970-73 |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
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Emotional High |
(1955 - 1973) |
Religion Was More in Popular
Music.
The Beatles released the hit "Let It Be" in 1970, and another group gained
popularity with "Spirit in the Sky." The hit musical of 1971 was "Jesus
Christ Superstar," a hugely successful rock opera to be taken seriously by
any standard. “Hip” Met Tradition With Harmonious Results as the Los
Angeles Philharmonic incorporated popular music into classical programs to
appeal to broader audiences. The Boston Pops Orchestra was also fused
traditional and modern styles to much acclaim in the Emotional High.
Feminism was Also Heard in Music. When singer Helen Reddy released her
recording of "I Am Woman" in 1972, it became a sort of a rally cry for
feminists.
Cinema Attendance Was Up
and weekly movie attendance reached eighteen million in 1970. Movie genres
were also becoming more liberal in subject matter. Another Record in
Broadway was reached when "Fiddler on the Roof" closed after 3,242
performances in 1972. It was longest running show in Broadway history. A
Movie version appeared afterward. Moral Issues Became a Strong Genre on
Television. The situation comedy, "All in the Family," provided a
lyceum for America's conflicts in the living room of one New York family.
It was number one in 1971 and 1972 as America focused on moral and social
concerns in the Emotional High.
| 9. Entertainment 1970-73 |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
| 9. Entertainment 1970-73 |
Polyrhythms |
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| 10. Sports 1970-73 |
Physical Cycle |
top |
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Physical Low |
(1957 - 1971) |
The
American Football League (AFL) Was Absorbed
into the National Football
League (NFL) with an NFC and an AFC, after the AFL failed to be a trend
setter. The AFL had been founded in 1959 during a Physical Low. The merger
for its very survival was announced in 1966 and it took place in 1970.
| |
Physical High |
(1971 - 1985) |
Records
Were Broken now that the Physical Cycle was High. American swimmer Mark Spitz won a
record seven gold medals at the summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany.
This and other feats showed how more records are broken in a Physical High.
| |
Physical 1st Qtr. Foundation |
(1971 - 1978) |
First Women in Sports
Appeared.
Tennis star, Billie Jean King, became the first woman athlete to earn
$100,000 a year. The New York City Court of Appeals upheld a New York City
woman's right to be a professional baseball umpire in 1972, (Physical 1st
Qtr. - Emotional High).
| 10. Sports 1970-73 |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
| 10. Sports 1970-73 |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
| 10. Sports 1970-73 |
Polyrhythms |
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| 11. Fashion 1970-73 |
Physical Cycle |
top |
| 11. Fashion 1970-73 |
Emotional Cycle |
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| 11. Fashion 1970-73 |
Intellectual Cycle |
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| 11. Fashion 1970-73 |
Polyrhythms |
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Emo-Intellectual
Dbl. 2nd Qtr. Expansion |
(1971 -1973) |
Eclectic Styles Were In
and existing styles varied in the Dbl. 2nd Qtrs. of Expansion. Skirts could
be any length in 1970, from mini, midi, to maxi. Ethnic and folksy clothing
was chic for people who put different styles. Cosmetics, if used, were more
natural looking. Boots were popular for women. Men and women both wore long
hair as men's hair was at its longest. This was the last bloom in fashion
before a turn toward more conservative trends after 1973.
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BORING
NUMBERS: The
1970 population stood at 203 million. The birth rate was 18.4 / 1,000, and
deaths were 9.5 / 1,000. Life expectancy was 67.1 years for men, and 74.8
years for women. Marriage stood at 10.6 / 1,000, and divorces were 3.5 /
1,000. The birth rate had declined to one of the lowest rates. Americans were
marrying later, divorcing more and having fewer children. The average couple in
1972 had 2.1 children.
| 12. Lifestyles 1970-73 |
Physical Cycle |
top |
| |
Physical Upward Crossover |
(March 21, 1971- March 21, 1971) |
One of
the Biggest Prison Riots Ever
took place at Attica State Prison, New York, in September 1971. Some 1,200
inmates broke into a riot, held thirty-eight guards hostage, and took
control of the prison for four days. Governor Rockefeller ordered state
troopers and police into action who took the back and freed the hostages.
Violence and action can come in a Physical Crossover.The American Football League (AFL) Was Absorbed
into the National Football
League (NFL) with an NFC and an AFC, after the AFL failed to be a trend
setter. The AFL had been founded in 1959 during a Physical Low. The merger
for its very survival was announced in 1966 and it took place in 1970.
| 12. Lifestyles 1970-73 |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
| |
Emotional High |
(1955 - 1973) |
Feminization Was Boosted by
Demographics.
In addition to more feminization, there were more women. The greatest ratio
of women to men in American history was reached in 1970 with 100 women to
every 94.8 men. Add to this an Emotional High, and the influence of yin is
strong.
| 12. Lifestyles 1970-73 |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
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Intellectual High |
(1951 - 1973) |
Chess
Sets Sold Very Well
all over the nation after American Bobby Fischer defeated Soviet chess
champion Boris Spassky to win the world chess championship in Reykjavik,
Iceland. Thinking was in.
| 12. Lifestyles 1970-73 |
Polyrhythms |
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The Physical
Cycle crossed up in 1971 bringing a new era of sports, military, and materialism
that would last well into the 1980s. The Emotional and the Intellectual High
ended in 1973. That is when the 1960s, as they were, came to an end, and a more
Physical day in America began.
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Kala. Chart horizontal
1960s