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1775-1776 Eighteenth 19th Cent.  go to... for decade 28y Physical 36y Emotional 44y Intellectual

This Overview is a brief look at the time and the influence of Cycles. Significant events from each decade are noted along with the position of the Cycles to show how history is moving in Rhythm. Enjoy the walk through history.

See the go to Timelines here link near the top for a detailed look at Cycles for this century.

See the Matrix links above left for navigating through all Overviews and Timelines by Time, Subject, or Cycle as described in Introduction to Part II.

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top The Pre-Revolutionary Period of the 18th century involved a confluence of cultures in competition. Native Americans have inhabited the Americas for thousands of years. After Columbus discovered North America in 1492, European migration began to the New World. Spain, France and Great Britain became growing influences and the original thirteen colonies were considered British property in the 18th century. Tensions arose between American colonists and Great Britain, however. Many colonists wanted sovereignty. Britain wanted the colonies. Americans refused British duty increases and they rebelled. Fighting broke out between a colonial militia and British soldiers in Spring, 1775, and the Revolutionary War began.

top 1775/76: The Birth of a Nation came with pains as America separated from its mother country, Great Britain. The Revolutionary War began on the evening of April 17-18, 1775 with the Battle of Lexington. By the end of 1775 America had its own Army, Navy & Marine Corps. It also had a newly formed Continental Congress to direct them, its own currency to finance them, and a new flag as its symbol. A new nation was alive, born in Spring, 1775. A new clockwork of Cycles began that have been in motion ever since. We published our renowned Declaration of Independence the following year on July 4th, 1776.

top 1776 - 1780: The Revolutionary War went on for six years until with many hard fought battles. When allied French and American forces advanced on Yorktown, Virginia in 1781, British soldiers surrendered. This was the end of the revolution and America remained an independent nation. Newly emerged Cycles were intact and rising from their point of origin. A powerful Three-way High in the early Cycles nurtured the nation with momentum as it moved forward from the Golden Embryo of creation.

top 1780s: Foundations of the nation came as all three Cycles rose in 1st Qtr. Foundation and reached their peaks in the 1780s. Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union were ratified in 1781. The Bank of North America Was Established in 1781 as well. European nations, including Britain, recognized American Independence the following year. Departments of State, War and Treasury were Set Up in 1789 and the Federalist Party Formed. Our Judiciary emerged as the Supreme Court was Created in 1789 along with lower courts. Steam Power Mechanized America during the decade with the multi-tubular steam engine, the non-condensing steam engine, and the steamboat. States joined the Union and the Northwest Territory was earmarked for new states. After each Cycle Peaked in the 1780s, they entered the 2nd Qtr. of Improvement. Shipping Routes Extended to China in 1784 and Expanded Stage Coach Routes connected key cities in 1785. The Constitution Expanded upon and improved the Articles of Confederation in 1787. New York City became our first capital in 1789 while plans were made for a new federal site on land ceded by Maryland and Washington, D.C. Became Our Second Capital. Our first Crossover came as the Physical Cycle Crossed Down in 1789. It was the end of our first Physical High and the beginning of a Physical 3rd Qtr. of Reform. Anti-Federalist laborers organized this year to form the New York Society of St. Tammany. The Anti-Federalists Opposed George Washington and his ruling party.

top 1790s: The Federalist Era lasted until the end of the century as Cycles crossed from their first Highs to their first Lows. In the High, Industry advanced with the invention of the cotton gin and Standardized Mass Production. The New York Stock Exchange began and aided business. The Treaty of Greenville was signed with twelve Indian tribes, but fighting continued as settlements pushed westward. All three Cycles ended their Highs from 1789 to 1797. The Physical Cycle had already Crossed Down in 1789. When the Emotional Cycle Crossed Down in 1793 Thomas Jefferson Resigned as Washington's Secretary of State to head the Opposing and Newly Formed Democratic-Republican Party. Federalist policy of centralized government yielded to the reforms of Democratic-Republicans when Jefferson defeated incumbent president John Adams in the elections of 1800. When the Intellectual Cycle Crossed Down in 1798, we had the XYZ Affair with France. A three-man commission went to France to negotiate a commerce treaty after France interfered with US shipping. French agents asked for tribute money but the US rejected the idea with resentment, repealed all treaties with France, and ordered the Navy to capture armed French vessels. In our first 3rd Qtrs. of Review and Reform, states ratified the first ten amendments to the Constitution as the Bill of Rights came into law in 1791. We formed our First Historical Association in Massachusetts in 1791. Federal jurisdiction Over States was Limited in 1798. These reforms continued through the turn of the century, then alternative were sought as Cycles rose anew. The flow of rhythmic change and our internal clockwork of Cycles has been consistent since our very beginning.