These Timelines are a detailed look at the time and the influence of Cycles. Significant events of the decade are analyzed through Twelve categories that serve as a kaleidoscopic lens through time, (see the clickable links above), as well as the position of Cycles at the time, (see the clickable folder links in the upper left corner). You can read and link up and down vertically through this Timeline, or, you can go any Category and link horizontally to the same Category in other Timelines (links are provided at the head of each Category). This cross linking is designed to provide a fast and easy way to make reading fun and interesting.
See the go to Overview here link near the top for a brief look at Cycles for this decade.
See the Matrix links above left for navigating through all Overviews and Timelines by Time, Subject, or Cycle as described in Introduction to Part II).
Note to readers: Work from the Kala-Rhythm archives is being offered here in the Timelines for the first time. We are allowing a view into the Timelines now by posting both the finished and the unfinished pages of the Timelines as editing from our references continues. Unfinished pages (like this one) contain raw data from history sources to which we give credit in our "biblio/webography". Check back for updates to this and other pages.
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...farmer distress had led to an agrarian political revolt culminating in the
Populist movement in the 1890's.
For a quarter of a century local reform movements in almost every large city
addressed these problems. Occasionally they enjoyed spectacular successes; as
often they endured defeat. By 1894 they brought together urban reformers from
across the country for the first time and created a wide programmatic consensus
to inform national policy.
In 1901 Americans were perhaps most alarmed about the spread of so-called
trusts, or industrial combinations, which they thought were responsible for the
steady price increases that had occurred each year since 1897. Ever alert to the
winds of public opinion, Roosevelt responded by activating the Sherman
Anti-Trust Act or 1890, which had lain dormant because of Cleveland's and
McKinley's refusal to enforce it and also because of the Supreme Court's ruling
of 1895 that the measure did not apply to combinations in manufacturing.
Beginning in 1902 with a suit to dissolve a northwestern railroad monopoly,
Roosevelt moved next against the so-called Beef Trust, then against the oil,
tobacco, and other monopolies. In every case the Supreme Court supported the
administration, going so far in the oil and tobacco decision of 1911 as to
reverse its 1895 decision. In addition, in 1903 Roosevelt persuaded a reluctant
Congress to establish a Bureau of Corporations with sweeping power to
investigate business practices; the bureau's thoroughgoing reports were of
immense assistance in antitrust cases. While establishing the supremacy of the
federal gov in the industrial field, Roosevelt, in 1902, also took action
unprecedented in the history of the presidency by intervening in coal strike.
1890 Congress establishes OK Territory from lands not assigned to the
Indians.
1890 Idaho becomes 43rd state,
1890 US troops massacre 200 Sioux Indians at the Battle of Wounded Knee, SD.
1890 Sequoia and Yosemite National Parks are established in CA by the fed
government largely through the efforts of John Muir and Robert U. Johnson.
1890 Congress passes McKinley Tariff Act, raising duties to new highs. It is
meant to protect industry, not to raise revenue.
1890 Wyoming becomes 44th state.
1891 Forest Reserve Act permits the Pres to close public lands to settlement
for the establishment of national parks.
1891 Indian Territory land ceded to the US by the Sauk, Fox, and Potawatomi
Indians is opened to settlement by pres proclamation
1891 US Navy captures Chilean ship carrying arms from CA to rebels in Chile.
A mob at Valparaiso, Chile, attacks US sailors on shore leave and kills two. War
seems imminent until Chile apologizes and pays indemnity to the injured and to
relatives of the dead in 1892.
1892 Chinese Exclusion Act is Extended fro ten years.
1893 Supreme Court declares Chinese Exclusion Act constitutional.
1892 Grover Cleveland and Adalai E. Stevenson are elected Pres and VP, on the
Democratic ticket. Democrats advocated tariff for revenue only and repeal of the
Silver Purchase Act of 1890.
1893 Congress creates the rank of ambassador under the Diplomatic
Appropriation Act.
1893 US Minister to Hawaii proclaims the islands a US protectorate, Pres.
Cleveland refuses annexation of the islands, requested by Hawaiian provisional
government.
1893 Cherokee land between Kansas and OK, purchased by the government in
1891, is opened to settlement.
1893 US-Canadian agreement provides for surveillance of illegal immigrants
into the US through Canadian ports on West coast.
1895 Supreme Court declares income tax unconstitutional in "Pollack v.
Farmers Loan and Trust Company."
1895 US interference in the British-Venezuelan boundary dispute is based on
the application of the Monroe Doctrine.
1896 Utah becomes the 45th state.
1896 Bryan delivers his "Cross of Gold" speech at the Democratic National
Convention in Chicago. Free-silver Democrats nominate him for Pres. Populist
Party also nominates Bryan.
1896 Congress passes resolution granting belligerent rights to Cuban rebels.
Spain rejects offer that Pres be peace arbitrator.
1896 William McKinley and Garret A. Hobart are elected Pres and VP, on the
Republican ticket. Republican platform endorses the gold standard. Reps retain
control of Congress.
A patent the
electric stove was issued to William S. Hadaway in 1896.
1897 National Monetary Conference meets at Indianapolis and endorses existing
gold standard. Appointed commission submits plan for monetary system to
Congress. With free-silver issue settled, the US begins decade of prosperity.
1898 Eugene V. Debs helps form the social Democratic Party, later called the
Socialist Party.
1898 First Food and Drug Act is passed because of public outcry against the
meat supplied for US troops fighting in the Span-Am War.
| 1. Political 1890s |
Physical Cycle |
top |
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Physical High |
(1887 - 1901) |
1896 Supreme Court rules in "Plessy v. Fergusson" that "separate but
equal" facilities for whites and black are constitutional. Ruling marks
start of "Jim Crow" era, legalizing segregation.
1898 US annexes Hawaii.
1899 Congress ratifies the Treaty of Paris. Filipinos, disappointed by
terms of the treaty, begin three-year rebellion against Am rule.
1899 US annexes Wake Island in the central Pacific for use as a cable
station.
1899 US participates in first peace conference at The Hague with 25 other
nations. US upholds the Monroe Doctrine in the Western Hemisphere.
1899 Treaty between the US. Germany, and Britain recognizes US interest
in Samoa east of longitude 171 degrees W. Am Samoa is placed under control
of the US Navy.
1894 US recognizes Hawaiian Republic established by provisional
government. (US forces withdrew in 1893, ending US protectorate).
| |
Physical 1st Qtr. Foundation |
(1887 - 1894) |
1892 Leaders of farm and labor
organizations form the Populist, or People's Party, which calls for free
coinage of silver, a graduated income tax, government ownership of
railroads, and other measures designed to strengthen political democracy.
| 1. Political 1890s |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
| |
Emotional High |
(1883 - 1901) |
1893 Colorado adopts women's suffrage.
| 1. Political 1890s |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
| |
Intellectual Low |
(1895 - 1907) |
1897 Pres vetoes bill requiring literacy test for immigrants
1897 Congress passes the Dingley Tariff, which increases duties on
imported goods to new highs.
1897 Supreme Court declares that an association of 18 railroads
established to set transportation rates is a violation of the Sherman
Antitrust Act.
| |
Intellectual 3rd Qtr. Review |
(1895 - 1896) |
1890 South Dakota, Kentucky, and Mississippi pass antitrust laws,
Oklahoma, Montana, Louisiana, Illinois, Minnesota, Missouri, and New Mexico
in 1891.
1890 Congress passes Sherman Antitrust Act, which declares illegal every
contract, combination (in the form of trust or otherwise), or conspiracy in
restraint of interstate of foreign trade.
1891 Congress creates the Circuit Court of Appeals to relieve the Supreme
court's case load.
| 1. Political 1890s |
Polyrhythms |
top |
| |
Physo-Emotional
High |
(1887 - 1901) |
1891 Mob lynches 11 Italian immigrants indicted for the murder of the New
Orleans police chief after the acquittal of three of them. Italy protests
and recalls its minister to the US, and the US recalls its minister to
Italy.
1892 US pays $25,000 indemnity to the families of the Italians lynched at
New Orleans in 1891.
1897 Congress votes for relief of Americans destitute in Cuba. Imprisoned
Americans are released. US anti-Spanish sentiment increases; many people
advocate intervention in Cuban rebellion.
1898 US battleship "Maine" arrives at Havana, Cuba, to protect Am
residents and property and is blown up in the harbor.
1898 McKinley sign congressional resolution declaring Cuba independent
and authorizing use of army and navy to force Spain to leave Cuba. US
blockades Cuban ports. Spain and US declare war on each other, and
Spanish-American War begins.
1898 US fleet under Admiral Geo Dewey destroys Spanish fleet at the
Battle of 7Mannilla Bay in the Philippines.
1898 US forces defeat Spanish forces at Guantanamo Bay, El Caney, and San
Juan Hill in Cuba.
1898 US fleet destroys Spanish fleet off Santiago, Cuba. Santiago sure
enders to US.
1898 Treaty of Paris ends Spanish-American War. Spain fives up claim to
Cuba and cedes the US Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines (the latter for
a payment of $20 mil). US is recognized as world power.
1898 US and Filipino forces capture the city of Manila.
1899 Secretary of State John Hay sets forth his Open Door Policy with
regard to China, stressing freedom of trade for US merchants. Hay asks six
major power to preserve China's integrity as a nation and not to interfere
with the free use of Chinese ports for trade.
The consolidation of Greater New York City occurred with the "merger" of Brooklyn and Manhattan. Before the merger Brooklyn had absorbed Williamsburg, Bushwick, Flatbush, Flatlands, and New Lots among other towns. The merger created a city of 3.4 million people. Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Island were consolidated into New York City.
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Physical
High with
Intellectual
Low |
(1887 - 1901) |
1894 Coxey's Army, a band of jobless men led by Jacob S. Coxey, marches
to Wash, DC, to petition Congress for public workd programs to help the
unemployed. Coxey is arrested for trespassing, and the army disbands.
1894 Gov sells bonds to replenish gold reserve.
1894 Democratic Silver Convention, led by William Jennings Bryan, adopts
free-coinage plan on silver-gold ratio of 16 to 1.
1894 Congress passes first graduated income tax law. It is part of
Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act, which lowers duties to about 40 percent.
1895 Minority of House Democrats issue an appeal for the immediate return
to the free coinage of silver at silver-gold ratio of 16 to 1.
1895 Supreme Court upholds the use of the injunction as as
strike-breaking device.
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1890 Child labor grows in the South; almost 23,000 children of 13 southern states.
1898-1905 In the US over 3,000 major mergers took place in manufacturing and mining.
| 2. Business & Economy 1890s |
Physical Cycle |
top |
| |
Physical High |
(1887 - 1901) |
1890 Sherman Silver Purchase Act
requires the US Treasury to purchase monthly 4,500,000 ounces of silver for
coinage and to issue treasury certificates redeemable in either silver or
gold.
| |
Physical 1st Qtr. Foundation |
(1887 - 1894) |
Sears, Roebuck and Company was founded in 1893 and began its catalog that went on to revolutionize the sale of goods to people living in rural areas who made purchases via mail order.
| 2. Business & Economy 1890s |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
| 2. Business & Economy 1890s |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
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Intellectual Low |
(1885 1907) |
1893 Cleveland calls a special session of Congress
and secures repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890.
| |
Intellectual 3rd Qtr. Review |
(1885 1896) |
Three controversial bill were passed in 1890 to
amend the practices of monopolies, silver and tariffs. The Sherman Anti-Trust
Act made illegal all combinations that restrained trade between states or other
nations. This action was boosted by growing public dissatisfaction with
industrial monopolies. The Sherman Silver Purchase Act was passed to abate the
falling price of silver. The McKinley Tariff was aimed at the failing
agricultural economy, (i 3rd)
| 2. Business & Economy 1890s |
Polyrhythms |
top |
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Physical High with
Intellectual Low |
(1887 - 1901) |
1892 Strikers at Carnegie steel plant in Homestead, Pa., protesting pay
cuts and demanding recognition of their union, kill ten Pinkerton detectives
and wound many others hired by management to break the strike and the union.
Pa militia restores order; strike is broken.
1892 Fed troops restore order in Idaho silver mines when strikers clash
with non-union workers.
1894 American Railway Union, led by Eugene V. Debs, boycotts all Pullman
railway cars as sympathy gesture for Pullman strikers protesting wage cuts.
Railroad traffic out of Chicago comes to a halt. Court injunction is issued
against strikers, and federal troops break the strike on grounds of
interference with interstate commerce. Debs is jailed fro violating the
injunction.
1894 In a year of unemployment and labor discontent, a riot among
striking miners in Pa leaves 11 dead; 136,000 coal miners strike for high
wages in OH; 12,000 NY clothing workers strike against the piecework and
sweatshop systems; and railroad strikes paralyze 50,000 mi, of railroads in
the Midwest....
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Thomas A. Edison invented the electric voting machine which was not used
until 1892.
RAW^
1890 Psychologist and philosopher William James pubs "Principles of
Psychology," which revolutionizes the study of psych in the US.
1891 Westinghouse standardizes alternating current at 60 cycles per second.
1891 James Keeler, astronomer, confirms that Saturn's
rings are not solid but
are made of tiny meteor particles.
1891 Tesla invents the Tesla coil fro producing high-voltage, high-frequency
electric current. It is later widely used in radios and televisions. Granville
Hall, Mass, psychologist, established the American Psych Assoc
1892 George Nuttal, CA biologist, discovers a gas-producing bacterium,
"Bacillus aerogenes."
1892 Acetylene gas is produced by Thomas L. Willson, NC chemist.
1893 Attempts to have Am switch to the metric system are defeated Congress.
1893 Michelson standardizes the meter, basing his measurement on the
wavelength of red cadmium light. This measurement is universally accepted in
1925.
1893 Leo H. Baekland, chemist, develops "Velox," the first photographic paper
sensitive enough to be printed by artificial light.
1893 Early film studio is built in West Orange, NH, by the Edison
Laboratories. It is a small building pivoted so that it can turn with the sun.
1894 Lowell Observatory is built at Flagstaff, Arizona.
1894 Thomson patents an electrical resistance furnace.
1895 Hale orgs the Yerkes Observatory at Lake Geneva, Wisconsin.
1895 Percival Lowell, astronomer, pubs "Mars."
1895 Morley determines the atomic weight of oxygen.
1896 Edmund B. Wilson, biologist, describes cellular differentiation in "The
Cell in Development and Inheritance."
1896 Wallace Sabine, OH physicist, devisees a reverberation equation that
becomes the basis of acoustics.
1896 March pubs "Dinosaurs of North America."
1896 Edison invents the fluoroscope, an instrument that is later used for
viewing x-ray images. He also invents the fluorescent lamp.
1897 Yerkes Observatory installs a refracting telescope with a 40-in.
lens-the world's largest. It was designed by Alvan Clark and built by George
Hale.
1897 William Morton produces the first full-length w-ray of a living human
body.
1897 Steinmetz pubs "Theory and Calculation of Alternating Current
Phenomena," a work so advanced that it is years before scientists are able to
understand it.
1897 Corbett is defeated by Bob Fitzsimmons, and Englishman, in a 14-found
boxing match. It is the first match photographed by a moving picture camera.
1898 New York State Pathological Laboratory for the Study of Cancer opens.
1898 John J. Abel, Ohio pharmacologist, extracts epinephrine (adrenalin) from
the adrenal glands of a sheep. This is the first hormone to be isolated in a
laboratory.
1898 Keeler's photographs prove that the most common type of galaxy has a
spiral shape.
1899 Geo E. Crile, surgeon, develops new, more successful methods for
treating shock, particularly that resulting from surgery.
1899 Jacques Loeb, Ger-Am physiologist, uses chemicals to cause unfertilized
sea urchin eggs to develop into larvae. This process, known as parthenogenesis,
proves that cell division is controlled chemically.
| 3. Science & Technology 1890s |
Physical Cycle |
top |
1896 James F. Kemp, geologist, pubs "Handbook of Rocks."
1897 William Hillebrand, geologist, determines the chemical make-up of the
Earth's crust.
1897 America's first hospital for crippled children opens in St. Paul, Minn.
1899 America's first tuberculosis hospital opens in Denver, Colorado.
| |
Physical 1st Qtr. Foundation |
(1887 - 1894) |
1891 Edward Acheson, Pa. inventor, discovers carborundum, an abrasive
hard enough to polish diamonds.
1891 Edison patents his kinetoscopic camera, which takes moving pictures
on a strip of film. The film, called a peep show, is seen by one person at a
time, looking into a lighted box whiles turning a crank. 1891 George E.
Hale, Ill. astronomer, invents the spectroheliograph and uses it to
photograph sunspots.
1891 Osler pubs "Principles and Practice of Medicine," which remains a
standard text in Am.
1893 Thomas C. Chamberlin, geologist, establishes the "Journal of
Geology."
1893 Chlorine is used to treat sewage in Brewster, NY.
1894 Still establishes the "Journal of Osteopathy."
1894 William H. Park, NY physician, opens the world's first antitoxin
laboratory and clinic in NYC.
1895 Pneumatic (air-filled) rubber tires are produced by the Harford
Rubber Works in Connecticut.
| |
Physical 2nd Qtr. Expansion |
(1894 - 1901) |
1895 National Medical Association is formed by a group of black doctors who state that their interests are not adequately represented by the American Medical
Association.
1895 Woodville Latham demonstrates his moving-picture projector, the
Panoptikon, which combines Edison's kinetoscope with the magic lantern.
1895 May 20, The 1st commercial movie performance was at 153 Broadway in NYC.
(MC, 5/20/02)
| 3. Science & Technology 1890s |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
| 3. Science & Technology 1890s |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
| 3. Science & Technology 1890s |
Polyrhythms |
top |
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| 4. Mechanical 1890s |
Physical Cycle |
top |
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Physical 1st Qtr. Foundation |
(1887 - 1894) |
The principle of internal combustion had been known since the 17th
century, its crudest practical expression, the firing of a gun, considerably
longer. But it was in the mid-19th century that serious attention was given
to internal combustion as a source of power.
Development then was quite rapid. The first practical internal combustion
engine, using gas, was developed by Lenoir in 1859, the first widely used
has engine by Otto in 1876. By the later 1870's, too, the principle had been
successfully applied to vaporized oil and petrol. It took little time before
the petrol-driven internal combustion engine was applied to the propulsion
of a road vehicle - by Benz in 1885 and Daimler in 1886. By the end of the
century, the petrol-driven road vehicle was the plaything of the industrial
world.
Henry Ford build his first car in 1889, and between 1890 and 1893,
Lambert and Duryeas separately built the first gasoline powered automobiles,
(phy. 1st qtr. 1887 - 1894).
Ford founded the Detroit Automobile Company in 1899, his plans already
moving toward concepts of mass production and of standardization of design
and parts with which he was to revolutionize industry around the world.
RAW^
1890 Pneumatic Hammer patented by Charles B. King.
1891 Whitcomb L. Judson takes out a patent on a slide fastener (zipper).
1892 Geo W. G. Ferris designs his Ferris Wheel for the World's Columbian
Exposition held in Chicago in 1893. It carries 40 passengers 250 ft. high in
its 36 cars.
1892 First Electric automobile, made by William Morrison of Des Moines,
is driven in Chicago.
1892 Tool and bicycle makers Frank and Charles Duryea of Mass. construct
the first gasoline automobile.
1893 Automobile manufacturer Henry Ford builds his first successful
gasoline engine.
1894 Simon Lake, inventor, launches "Argonaut I," a small, hand-powered
submarine.
| |
Physical 2nd Qtr. Expansion |
(1894 - 1901) |
The locomotive had long been in use, but in 1895, the Baltimore and Ohio
electrified a section of its track in Baltimore to be free of smoke and
noise in a tunnel. This was the first commercial electrification of a
railway. (p 2nd 1894-1901).
Ford moved to Detroit in 1891 to become an engineer with the Edison
company; meanwhile, he began experiments with gasoline engines that led to
his first - only four horsepower - automobile in 1896 and an improved
version in 1899.
1895 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad begins using electric locomotives.
1896 Maxim and House build the unsuccessful Maxim steam-powered flying
machine.
1896 Samuel P. Langley, astronomer, builds the first successful motorized
model airplane. It flies 3000 an 4200 feet in separate tests.
1895 Feb 4, The 1st rolling lift bridge opened in Chicago.
(MC, 2/4/02)
1896 Successful offshore oil wells are drilled near Santa Barbara, CA.
1897 Lake launches "Argonaut II," a 36-ft.-long gasoline-powered
submarine with wheels for rolling along the ocean floor.
1897 First practical subway is completed in Boston
1897-1912 Diesel engines. Adolphus Busch (1839-1913) bought Diesel rights
for the US (1897); built 1st engine (1898); applied to submarine (1912,
Vickers 4-cylander).
1898 "Argonaut II" is the first submarine to travel in the open seas-300
miles from VA to NYC.
1898 John Holland, "Father of the Modern Submarine," launches the
"Holland," a 53-ft.long, cigar-shaped vessel. It is powered by electricity
when underwater and by a gasoline engine when on the surface.
1898 Tesla demonstrates a remote-controlled boat.
1899 Frederick W. Taylor, Pa. engineer, develops a process of
heat-treating steel that increases its strength and cutting ability by 300%.
1899 President William McKinley is the first pres to ride in an
automobile when he takes a spin in a Stanley Steamer.
| 4. Mechanical 1890s |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
| 4. Mechanical 1890s |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
| 4. Mechanical 1890s |
Polyrhythms |
top |
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1891 First correspondence school opens in
Scranton, PA, to teach miners working methods that will make coal mines safer.
| 5. Education 1890s |
Physical Cycle |
top |
| |
Physical 1st Qtr. Foundation |
(1887 - 1894) |
1891 Physical-education professor James A. Naismith of Springfield,
Mass., invents basketball as an indoor substitute for baseball and football.
1894 Boston Board of Health begins medical examinations of
school-children.
1898 Fernow establishes the fist college of forestry at Cornell U, Ithaca, New
York.
| 5. Education 1890s |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
| |
Emotional High |
(1883 - 1901) |
1898 S. Lanier pubs "Music and Poetry,"
which argues for music education and chairs of music at Universities.
| 5. Education 1890s |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
| |
Intellectual 4th Qtr.
Alternatives |
(1884 - 1896) |
In 1896, John Dewey founded the
Laboratory School in Chicago to test the "Progressive Education" theories
designed to teach the "whole child", the physical and emotional, as well as
the intellectual.
| 5. Education 1890s |
Polyrhythms |
top |
| |
Physo-Emotional
Dbl. 2nd Qtr. Expansion |
(1896 - 1901) |
1899 Educator John Dewey begins a
revolution in education with the publication of "The School and Society."
among other concepts, Dewey believes that education begins with actual
experience rather that with learning traditional subjects.
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| 6. Religion & Spirituality 1890s |
Physical Cycle |
top |
| 6. Religion & Spirituality 1890s |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
| |
Emotional High |
(1883 - 1901) |
1895 Negro Baptist groups merge to form the National Baptist Convention
of the USA.
1895 National Baptist Convention of the USA, representing merger of Negro
Baptist groups, formed at Atlanta; incorporated (1915). The National Baptist
Convention of Am separated (1916).
1896 Former baseball player William Ashley ("Billy") Sunday begins a
career of evangelism. He conducts 300 revivals in major cities and is heard
by 100 mil people before his death in 1935.
1897 Congregational minister Charles M. Sheldon pubs "In His Steps," a
collection of sermons in which he tells young people what they would do in a
year if they copied Jesus Christ.
1899 The Gideons, Christian Commercial Men's Association of American, is
org by 3 traveling salesmen in Jamesville, Wis. First Gideon Bible is placed
in the Superior Hotel, Iron Mountain, Mont., in 1908.
| 6. Religion & Spirituality 1890s |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
| 6. Religion & Spirituality 1890s |
Polyrhythms |
top |
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| 7. Arts & Design 1890s |
Physical Cycle |
top |
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Physical 1st Qtr. Foundation |
(1887 - 1894) |
1890 Sullivan designs the 10-story steel frame Wainwright Building in St.
Louis, Mo.
1891 Stanford White, architect, designs Madison Square Garden in NYC.
1894 Holabird's design of the Marquette Building includes an all glass
facade.
1896 Cass Gilbert, arch, gains public recognition with his design of the
Minnesota State Capitol Building.
1897 Dankmar Alder designs the Chicago Stock Exchange Building.
| 7. Arts & Design 1890s |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
| |
Emotional High |
(1883 - 1901) |
The principle behind a great deal of
20th century interior decorations was first expounded in Chicago in 1896 in
a magazine entitled the "House Beautiful". This journal opposed both the
perpetuation of vulgar display and the excess of ornament that had
characterized most of the 19th century. Other American magazines like
"Ladies Home Journal" soon followed "House Beautiful's lead and published
articles on modern decorating. {Enc Brit 9:725] [p & e 1st]
| |
Emotional 1st Qtr. Foundation |
(1883 - 1894) |
1893 L. C. Tiffany develops Favrile glass, an elegant type of stained
glass with which he makes screens, lampshades and other items.
| 7. Arts & Design 1890s |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
| 7. Arts & Design 1890s |
Polyrhythms |
top |
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1890 "Poems by Emily Dickinson" is pub posthumously by the poet's sister
Lavinia.
1890 Jacob A. Riis, writer, pubs "How the Other Half Lives," a shocking
portrayal of slum life.
1891 Melville completes the novelette "Billy Bud" (pub 1924) 5 months before
his death.
1891 Emily Dickenson's "Poems: Second Series" is pub.
1892 Joel Chandler Harris pubs "Nights with Uncle Remus." [Joel Chandler
created Uncle Remus in 1880, is this a retrospection?]
1893 Stephen Crane, novelist, writes "Maggi: A Girl of the Streets."
1893 Paul Laurence Dunbar, black author, pubs "Oak and Ivy," a poetry volume.
1894 Twain pubs "Tom Sawyer Abroad" and "The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson."
1896 Dickenson's "Poems: Third Series" is pub.
1899 Charles Dana Gibson, illustrator, features his famed "Gibson Girl" in
his book of sketches "The Education of Mr. Pipp."
1899 Eakins paints "Between Rounds."
| 8. Literature & Publication 1890s |
Physical Cycle |
top |
| |
Physical 1st Qtr. Foundation |
(1887 - 1894) |
1890 Howell pubs the pro-labor novel "A Hazard of New Fortunes."
1895 "Field and Stream" magazine begins publication.
Sears, Roebuck and Company was founded in 1893 and began its catalog that went on to revolutionize the sale of goods to people living in rural areas who made purchases via mail order.
| 8. Literature & Publication 1890s |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
| |
Emotional 1st Qtr. Foundation |
(1883 - 1892) |
1894 Margaret M. Saunders, author, pubs the classic children's tale
"Beautiful Joe," the story of a dog.
1893 Henry Blake Fuller, novelist, pubs "The Cliff-Dwellers," often
considered the first Am "city novel."
1894 Sunday comics first appear.
1895 Stephen Crane publishes his best-known work, "The Red Badge of
Courage."
1896 "New York World," pubs "The Yellow Kid," forerunner of modern comic
strips. The words are printed on the boy's bright yellow shirt instead of
outside of the frame as in earlier cartoons.
1897 Rudolph dirks, cartoonist, creates "Katzenjammer Kids," the first
newspaper comic strip to enclose words in balloons and to have a continuous
cast of characters.
1898 The National Institute of Arts and Letters is founded.
| 8. Literature & Publication 1890s |
Intellectual Cycle |
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Intellectual 4th Qtr,
Alternatives |
(1896 - 1907) |
1895 Breaking with the Hudson School,
Homer Martin introduces Impressionism to the US with the painting "The Harp
of the Winds."
| 8. Literature & Publication 1890s |
Polyrhythms |
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Emotional High with
Intellectual Low |
(1895 - 1901) |
James Whitcomb Riley poet famous for nostalgic dialect verse and often
called "The poet of the common people." Although of simple origins, Riley
was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters, received the gold
medal of the National Institute of Arts and Letters, and was given several
honorary degrees.
Among Riley's numerous volumes are "Pipes o' Pan at Zekesbury (1888).
"Old-Fashioned Roses (1888), "The Flying Islands of the Night" (1891), "A
Child-World" (1896), and "Home Folks" (1900). His best known poems included
"When the Frost is on the Punkin'," "Little Orphan Annie," "The Raggededy
Man," and "An Old Sweethart of Mine." The best collected edition is the
memorable edition of his "Complete Works" (10 vol. 1916).
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1891 Charles Ives composes "Variations on America," his best known work.
1896 Motion pictures are introduced into vaudeville shows.
1891 Donnlley's "Ceasar's Column" predicts the development of TV, radio, and
poison gas.
1893 World's Columbian Exposition opens in Chicago to celebrate the 400th
anniversary of the discovery of America.
1894 Actor Richard Masfield produces "Arms and the Man," the first production
of G. B. Shaw in the US.
1896 First moving picture on a public screen is shown at Koster and Bial's
Music Hall in NYC.
| 9. Entertainment 1890s |
Physical Cycle |
top |
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Physical High |
(1887 - 1901) |
Ragtime, propulsively syncopated musical style, the immediate forerunner
of jazz and the predominant style of the U.S. popular music from about 1890
to 1920. Ragtime evolved in the playing of honky-tonk pianists along the
Mississippi and Missouri rivers in the last decades of the 19th century; it
was influenced by minstrel show songs, Negro banjo style, and syncopated
(off-beat dance rhythms of the cakewalk, and also by elements of European
music, such as the mazurkas and waltzes of composers such as Chopin and
Johann Strauss. Ragtime found its characteristic expression in formally
structured piano compositions that were generally based on a 16-bar (later a
32-bar) theme. The regularly accented left-handed beat, in 4/4 or 2/4 time,
was opposed in the right hand by a fast, bouncingly syncopated melody that
gave the music its powerful forward impetus. Most rags, like marches,
comprised several themes, each stated and developed in turn.
The first home of ragtime was Sedalia, Mo., where Scott Joplin, called
"King of Ragtime," published the most successful of the early rags, "The
Maple Leaf Rag," in 1899.
RAW^
1899 "Maple Leaf Rag" by composer Scott Joplin helps popularize the
ragtime style.
1893 Sousa composes "The Liberty Bell."
1896 Sousa composes "The Stars and Stripes Forever."
1896 P. L. Dunbar gains recognition with "Lyrics of Lowly Life."
1899 The Sousaphone, a bass tuba designed for parade use, is developed
and named for John Philip Sousa.
| 9. Entertainment 1890s |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
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Emotional High |
(1883 - 1901) |
The early history of the blues is centered in the rural South,
particularly in the Mississippi Delta region. There, W. S. Handy, the most
celebrated of the early blues musicians, reported hearing the blues for the
first time in 1895. On the Dockery plantation near Cleveland, Miss,. Charlie
Patton and others created a veritable school for bluesmen. It was the Delta
bluesmen who were responsible for adapting the field holler, with its nodal
scale, to the structured harmonic pattern of the guitar accompaniment.
RAW^
1892 Dvorak is appointed director of the National Conservatory of Music
in NYC.
1892 Edward MacDowell, piano composer, creates the orchestral "Indian
Suite," based on actual Indian tunes.
1893 Katherine Lee Bates, author writes the words to the patriotic hymn,
"America the Beautiful."
1894 Walter Damrosch, orgs the Damrosch Opera Co, which tours the US
presenting Wagner operas.
1897 Amy Marcy Beach, leading woman composer of the period, pubs
"Symphony in E-Minor."
1898 Ethelbert Woodbridge Nevin, composer, composes the popular piano
piece, "The Rosary."
1900 The Philadelphia Orchestra is founded.
1896 The first, close-up, prolonged embrace on the screen, The John
Rice-May Irwin Kiss," scandalizes audiences across the country.
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Emotional 1st Qtr. Foundation |
(1883 - 1894) |
1890 "Robin Hood," a light opera composed by Reginald DeKoven, begins a
run of more than 3,000 performances.
| 9. Entertainment 1890s |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
| 9. Entertainment 1890s |
Polyrhythms |
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XXX 10. SPORTS INTRODUCTION
| 10. Sports 1890s |
Physical Cycle |
top |
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Physical High |
(1887 - 1901) |
1895 First pro football game is played at Latrobe, Pa, when the Latrobe
team hires a substitute quarterback for $10 in expenses. Up to this time the
Latrobe team had shared the profits from its games.
1895 The first US Open Golf Championship is won by Horace Rawlins.
1895 Feb 9, Volleyball was invented by W.G. Morgan in Massachusetts. A game called "mintonette" was created by William George Morgan, physical director at the YMCA in Holyoke, Mass., to accommodate players who thought basketball was too strenuous. The objective was to hit a basketball over a rope. It was the predecessor to volleyball.
1896 First US hockey league, the Amateur Hockey League, is org in NYC.
1896 Athlete James B. Connolly becomes the first Olympic champion in 1500
years at the revival of the Olympic games in Athens, Greece.
1899 James J. Jeffries becomes world heavyweight boxing champion after
knocking our Bob Fitzsimmons.
| 10. Sports 1890s |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
| 10. Sports 1890s |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
| 10. Sports 1890s |
Polyrhythms |
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1890 Smoking for men at social functions
gains acceptance, but smoking by women in the company of men is still condemned.
| 11. Fashion 1890s |
Physical Cycle |
top |
| 11. Fashion 1890s |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
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Emotional High |
(1883 - 1901) |
As the eve of the 1890's rolled about,
such extravagant styles as handlebar mustaches, bicycles built for two and
striped beachwear were in fashion.
| 11. Fashion 1890s |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
| 11. Fashion 1890s |
Polyrhythms |
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pop US 1890 about 62.9 million
Strict Victorian standards first gave way to change during the emotional high
period of the 1890's. The, courtship became more open and sociably accepted.
1892 Boll weevils enter Texas from Mexico and soon infest most of the cotton
fields in the South.
1892 Cyclone rips through Kansas; 31 persons die and 2 towns are completely
destroyed.
1892 Fire in Milwaukee destroys $5 mil worth of property over 26 acres.
1893 Fire in Minneapolis leaves 1500 persons homeless and destroys $2 mil
worth of property.
1893 Hurricane in southern US devastates Charleston, SC, and Savannah, GA;
about 1000 people die.
1894 Fire at Chicago's Columbian Exposition destroys nearly all the buildings
property damage is estimated a $2 mil.
1894 Fire in Hinckley, Minn., burns more than 160,000 acres of forest and
kills about 500 people there and in 18 neighboring towns.
1896 Rural free mail delivery is established.
1896 "Book" matches become popular. Invented in 1892 by Joshua Pusey, the
Diamond Match Co bought his patent in 1895.
1900 Cyclone kills 600 at Galveston. Winds up to 120 mph drive Gulf water
over land. Looter found with finger rings cut from hands of the dead. Property
damage amounts to $20 mil.
| 12. Lifestyles 1890s |
Physical Cycle |
top |
| 12. Lifestyles 1890s |
Emotional Cycle |
top |
| 12. Lifestyles 1890s |
Intellectual Cycle |
top |
| 12. Lifestyles 1890s |
Polyrhythms |
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Kala. Chart horizontal
1880s